Introduction: Carcinoma of the larynx is an extremely uncommon clinical entity in pediatric age. The diagnosis of the laryngeal carcinoma is often delayed due to the low index of suspicion. The factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include the similarity of its symptoms to common benign lesions of the larynx in childhood and difficult examination of the larynx in pediatric patients. The treatment of laryngeal carcinoma is still a challenge due to the lack of available guidelines among pediatric patients. Case Report: An 11-year-old male presented with hoarseness of voice over the last 3 month and was diagnosed with laryngeal carcinoma based on the fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy examinations and biopsy. He was treated with a complete course of radiotherapy. Conclusion: This case is reported due to the paucity of the laryngeal carcinoma cases among pediatric patients in medical literature. The obtained results will create awareness among clinician to rule out laryngeal carcinoma in pediatric patients with laryngeal symptoms, such as the hoarseness of voice which will help early diagnosis and treatment.

Background: b Thalassemia major is because complications in many organs of patients that it is due to anemia and iron overload in the body due to repeated injections of blood. Our country is on the thalassemia belt. About of kidney dysfunction in thalassemic patients in Iran has been only one study and in worldwide, researches are very limited. Hence, the purpose of this study is about impaired renal tubular function in pediatric patient with b thalassemia major. Methods: In this study, using the regular search published articles about of Impaired renal tubular function in pediatric patient with b thalassemia major has been studied and collected during 1997-2004. These studies were obtained by using the databases as ISI, SID. Results: Researches done in this field reviews were NAG levels and 2 b micro globulin for impaired renal tubular function. Results show that the mean NAG in patients with b thalassemia is more than healthy people, also between NAG and the duration of the disease was observed a significant relationship. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that is disturbed the pipes of renal function in patients with b thalassemia, which is characterized by increased concentrations of urinary NAG. Thus, increased urinary this enzyme should be considered as a primary marker of the pipes of renal damage in patients with βthalassemia major.